Christianity began as a Jewish messianic movement, not as the fully developed religion later enforced by Rome. This article traces how Jesus, the hoped-for deliverer of Israel, was transformed through resurrection belief, Pauline theology, Greek philosophy and imperial authority into the universal saviour of Christian orthodoxy.
The earliest Christian movement began as a Jewish proclamation that God had raised the crucified Jesus, exalted him as Messiah and Lord, and would soon send him back to complete the kingdom. Over the following centuries, theologians and councils transformed that narrative faith into a detailed metaphysical system defining the Trinity, the nature of Christ and the boundaries of orthodoxy. The resulting Christianity was recognisably descended from the earliest Jesus movement, but it was no longer identical with it.